Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory granulomatous disease of the digestive tract with unknown etiology. All segments of the digestive tract from the oral cavity to the anus can be affected, and it is more common in the distal ileum and adjacent colon. The lesions are mostly intestinal ulcers, showing segmental or leaping distribution. The lesions involve the entire layer of the digestive tract, which can cause wall thickening, stenosis, and penetration of the intestinal. The clinical manifestations of this disease are abdominal pain, diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, accompanied by fever, nutritional disorders and other extraintestinal manifestations. The course of the disease is often protracted, recurrent, and it is not easy to cure. The widely accepted theory in recent years believes that patients with Crohn's disease have a lack of immune tolerance. Due to immune regulation disorders, they have abnormal immune responses to normal intestinal antigens (food or microorganisms), leading to the occurrence of the disease.

Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease

The diagnosis methods of Crohn's disease include the following:

• Blood test. Check the patient for anemia. It can be seen that the leucocyte count increased, the red blood cell and hemoglobin decreased, and it is related to blood loss, bone marrow suppression, and decreased absorption of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12. The hematocrit decreases and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases. Serum potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, etc. can be decreased.
• Immune antibody test. A variety of autoantibodies can be detected in the patient's serum, including anti-myeloperoxidase antibody (MPO), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA), etc.
• Stool test. Erythrocytes and leukocytes are positive on the occult blood test.
• Imaging diagnosis. Including X-ray, CT, MRI, B-ultrasound, elastography and so on. They are helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease.
• Endoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy combined with pathological tissue biopsy is an important basis for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease.

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Reference

1. Feuerstein J D, et al. (2017). "Crohn disease: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management." Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Elsevier. 92 (7): 1088-1103