Asthma

Asthma, also known as bronchial asthma, is a chronic airway disease involving a variety of cells (such as eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, airway epithelial cells, etc.) and cellular components. Asthma is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness. Extensive and variable reversible airflow limitation usually occurs, leading to recurrent symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. It usually occurs at night and early in the morning, and most patients can relieve themselves or by treatment. If asthma is not diagnosed and treated in time, it can cause irreversible airway constriction and airway remodeling as the course of the disease. Genetics and the environment are the main causes of asthma.

Diagnosis of Asthma

Related diagnostic methods for asthma include the following:

• Imaging diagnosis. These include chest X-ray examinations, in addition to chest CT examinations are sometimes required, which help to identify any structural abnormalities or diseases that may exacerbate breathing problems, and are helpful in the diagnosis and identification of asthma and the estimation of asthma severity.
• Pulmonary function tests. Bronchial provocation tests and bronchial dilation tests are helpful to establish the diagnosis of asthma and they are the most commonly used indicators to objectively judge asthma. The bronchodilation test also helps to estimate the possible efficacy of β2 receptor agonists and provides a reference for drug selection.
• Exhaled nitric oxide detection. It can be used as an indicator to evaluate whether to initiate inhaled corticosteroid therapy. When the respiratory tract becomes inflamed, the level of nitric oxide in the exhaled air may be higher than normal.
• Blood gas analysis. The results, especially the arterial blood oxygen partial pressure, oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide partial pressure and other parameters, can estimate the severity of the acute asthma attack.
• Sputum dark acidic granulocyte count. It is one of the indicators for evaluating asthma airway inflammation, and it is also a sensitive indicator for evaluating the response to glucocorticoid therapy.
• Allergen check. Most asthma patients are accompanied by allergies. Finding out allergen can help prevent another asthma attack.

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Reference

1. Aaron S D., et al. (2017). "Reevaluation of diagnosis in adults with physician-diagnosed asthma." Jama. 317.3: 269-279.